Keeping your Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system running efficiently is essential for maintaining a comfortable home and keeping energy costs in check. Neglecting routine maintenance can lead to bigger problems down the line, causing inconvenient breakdowns and expensive repairs.

With the right care, you can keep your system running longer, minimize repairs, and ensure it works reliably when you need it most.

1. Change Your Air Filters Regularly

One of the simplest but most important ways to maintain your HVAC system is to change or clean the air filters regularly. Over time, filters collect dust, dirt, and other airborne particles that can obstruct airflow, forcing the system to work harder. This added strain increases energy consumption and reduces the system’s efficiency, potentially leading to more frequent breakdowns.

For most homes, changing or cleaning the air filters every 1-3 months is sufficient, though homes with pets or residents with allergies may require more frequent filter changes. It is typically recommended to have a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV), the rating that determines a filter’s effectiveness at filtering airborne pollutants, between 7 to 13.

2. Monitor the Refrigerant Levels

The refrigerant in your HVAC system cools the air in the summer and heats it during the winter. Maintaining adequate refrigerant ensures your system runs efficiently and effectively without wasting energy.

Regularly checking refrigerant levels can prevent potential damage to the compressor and extend the overall lifespan of your HVAC unit. You can find the refrigerant level gauge under the access panel. This is usually on the side of an AC. If the gauge is significantly above the recommended range, it can mean that there is too much refrigerant in the system or airflow is blocked. On the other hand, low refrigerant levels mean that you or a professional will need to add more refrigerant.

It’s important to have your refrigerant checked annually by a technician, especially if you notice weak airflow or rising energy bills. If your system isn’t cooling or heating as effectively, don’t wait—get it inspected by a professional as soon as possible to prevent more serious issues.

3. Clean the Outdoor Unit and Keep it Debris-Free

Your HVAC system’s outdoor unit, also known as the condenser, is crucial in allowing proper airflow and cooling. The condenser is exposed to outdoor elements, which makes it prone to dirt, leaves, and other debris that can obstruct its airflow. Keeping the outdoor unit clean prevents overheating, improves system efficiency, and prolongs the life of the condenser.

It’s helpful to regularly clean the area around the unit and maintain at least two feet of clearance on all sides so that the system can work properly. You can also use a garden hose to gently clean off dust or dirt buildup, but be mindful not to damage the delicate fins of the unit.

4. Inspect and Clean Air Ducts

Air ducts deliver cooled or heated air throughout your home. Over time, dust, debris, and even mold can accumulate in the ductwork, reducing indoor air quality and forcing the HVAC system to work harder to circulate air. Inconsistent airflow in different rooms increased dust around the house, or unusual smells coming from the vents are signs that it might be time to inspect and clean the ducts.

Having your air ducts professionally cleaned every few years can improve your HVAC system's efficiency and ensure clean, breathable air flows through your home. If you are handling it yourself, make sure you vacuum any dust as far as the hose can go into the piping, use a brush to scrape away any debris, and a microfiber cleaning cloth to wipe the interior of the duct clean.

5. Seal and Insulate Ductwork

In addition to cleaning, it's important to make sure that your ductwork is properly sealed and insulated. Leaky ducts can cause up to 30% of conditioned air to escape, making your HVAC system work harder than necessary to maintain the desired temperature. This not only leads to higher energy bills but also places unnecessary strain on the system, potentially reducing its lifespan.

Sealing ductwork with metal foil tape or mastic sealant and insulating ducts in unconditioned spaces like attics or basements can help retain the temperature of the air as it moves through your home, keeping your HVAC system working properly.

6. Monitor Your Thermostat

Your thermostat plays a significant role in how hard your HVAC system has to work.

Upgrading to a programmable or smart thermostat allows you to set temperature schedules based on when you're home or away, reducing the load on your HVAC system when it’s not needed. For example, you can set the temperature a few degrees higher in the summer or lower in the winter while you're out, easing the strain on the system.

Over time, these small adjustments can lead to noticeable energy savings. Smart thermostats can even learn your preferences and adjust automatically, ensuring that your home is comfortable without wasting energy.

Conclusion

When you follow these simple but effective maintenance tips, you can keep your HVAC system running efficiently and extend its life. Investing time in preventive care will not only save you money but also ensure that your HVAC system operates at peak performance for years to come. Regularly checking your system and having an annual inspection by a licensed HVAC technician to catch potential problems early will save you from costly repairs and maintain a comfortable home year-round.